Chen SC Burkholderia pseudomallei

n. HRP-conjugated mouse or rabbit secondary antibody and FITC- or TRITC-conjugated secondary antibody were bought from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories. TGF-b was from R&D Systems and MG132 was from Calbiochem. Immunostaining Cell culture and transfection Human hepatocyte Huh-7 cell line was used throughout the study. HEK 293 cell line was used for coimmunoprecipitation. Both cells were grown in Dulbecco’s 298690-60-5 modified eagle’s medium with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 mg/ml penicillin G, and 100 mg/ml streptomycin in CO2 incubator at 37uC. Bjab cells were grown in RPMI1640 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 mg/ml penicillin G, and 100 mg/ml streptomycin. Cells were seeded into 6 well plate at 16105 cells/well and plasmids had been transfected with Lipofectamin 2000 in 24 hours. Media had been changed 6 hours after transfection. Cells were fixed in fixing solution at room temperature for 15 minutes. Afterwards the cells have been treated with permeabilization solution for 5 minutes. The mixture was washed with washing solution for three 23115181 times and then treated with blocking solution for 30 minutes. The mixture was washed with washing solution three times and AIMP1/p43 antibody was added and incubated at room temperature for 1 hour. After washing three times, secondary antibody was added and the mixture was incubated for at room temperature for 1 hour. The mixture was mounted with mounting solution after three times’ wash and observed in laser scanning confocal microscope. Western blot Samples were loaded on a 12% polyacrylamide gel and electrophoresis was carried out. Bands have been transferred to nitrocellulose membrane. The membrane was incubated in blocking buffer at room temperature for 1 hour with rocking. The membrane was washed with TBST for three times and incubated with primary antibody at room temperature for 90 minutes. After wash with TBST for three times, HRP conjugated secondary antibody was added and the mixture was incubated for 1 hour. The membrane was washed with TBST three times and the bands had been detected with ECL detection kit. siRNA Duplex siRNAs for knockdown of grp78 were constructed. The sequence for the negative control was 59CCU ACG CCA CCA AUU UCG U dTdT-39. The sequence for grp78 knockdown was 59-CAC AGA UUG AAG UCA CCU U dTdT-39. 100 nM siRNA was transfected to Huh-7 cells using Lipofectamin 2000 in a 6 well plate. Cells were harvested and subjected to analysis in 72 hours. Fluorescent activated cell sorting GST pulldown assay Cells have been lysed with RIPA buffer at 4uC for 30 minutes. Purified GST or GST-E2 was added to the lysate and incubated at 4uC for 2 hours. 40 ml of glutathione sepharose 4B beads was added and the total volume was adjusted to 200 ml with HNGT buffer and the mixture was incubated at 4uC overnight. The mixture was washed with 1 ml of HNGT buffer five times and boiled in SDS sample buffer for 5 minutes before SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis. Cells were washed with 1X PBS buffer and resuspended in FACS buffer. 1:20 diluted anti-gp96 antibody was added and the mixture was incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. After three times’ wash with washing buffer, 1:50 diluted antirabbit FITC antibody was added and the mixture was incubated at roon temperature for 30 minutes. FACS analysis was done after three times’ wash with washing buffer followed by resuspension in PBS solution. Luciferase assay Coimmunoprecipitation Plasmids had been transfected to HEK 293 cells and RIPA buffer was used for cell lysis i