No such obvious example in the literature as there are lots

No such obvious example in the literature as there are lots of contradictions even during the examination of the same tumour type. Some more recent studies have analyzed the role of CD44v isoforms rather than single exons in tumour progression [29,30], but not as a part of a complex, finely regulated pattern. A more holistic view of the alternative splice event is needed to examine the role of CD44 variants. This would be a huge practical challenge from tumour to tumour. We have sought to Anlotinib establish a reliable and reproducible method to examine this pattern and its possible tumour and/or progression specificity, since co-expression of exons proven by immunohistochanistry does not determine whether they are on the same molecule (and two or more CD44 may be present in the same cell at the same time) We have used a PCR based method using five primer pairs to create a simple representation of this highly complex CD44 expression pattern.glutamine, 0.1 mM non-essential amino acids, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, and 50 mg/ml gentamicin sulfate (all from Gibco BRL, Life Technologies, Paisley, Scotland). The melanocytes were maintained in Melanocyte Growth Medium M2 (PromoCell), the keratinocytes in Keratinocyte Media 2 (PromoCell) and the fibroblasts in Fibroblast Media (PromoCell).RT-PCR Analysis of CD44 mRNA ExpressionTotal RNA was isolated from the frozen homogenized tumour samples and cell AN-3199 price cultures from the in vivo experiments using TRI ReagentTM (SigmaH) according to the manufacturer instructions. Possible DNA contamination was eliminated using TURBO DNA-freeTM kit (AmbionH). For reverse transcription 1 ml of 10 mM dNTP mix (Finnzymes, Espoo, Finland) and 1 ml of random primer-oligo dT were mixed for a final concentration of 2.5 mM and used with 2 mg of purified total RNA. After incubating at 70uC for 10 min, 1 ml of M-MLV reverse transcriptase (200 units/ml), 2 ml of 10x M-MLV RT Buffer (both from Sigma), 0.5 ml RNase Inhibitor (40 units/ml, Promega, Madison WI) and 6.5 ml DEPC treated water was added for 20 ml final volume and incubated at 37uC for 50 min and then at 85uC for 10 min. The occurrence of reverse transcription was checked by polymerase chain reaction with bactin primers (GTGGGGCGCCCCAGGCACCCA, CTCCTT AATGTCACGCACGATTTC) as a housekeeping gene. RNA of the same sample was used as negative control for detection of DNA contamination and DEPC treated water as non-template control.PCR Detection of CD44 Variable ExonsThe PCR reaction mixture contained12,5 15755315 ml AmpliTaq GoldH 360 Master Mix, 2.5?.5ml of the appropriate primer pair designed with Array Designer (Premier Biosoft International) (Figure S1). 2ml of the cDNA and 5.5 ml DEPC treated water for the final volume of 25 ml. The cycling conditions were: 97uC for 10 min once, then 95uC for 1 min, 55uC for 1 min, 72uC for 2 min for 35 cycles, 72uC for 10 min. The primer pairs were the following: S5′- variable exons3′, variable exons5′-S3′, PCR products were separated using ExperionTM Automated DNA 1K Kit1ml (Bio-RadH) Electrophoresis System.Materials and Methods Cell Lines and Culture ConditionsThe A2058 melanoma cell line was provided by LA Liotta (NCI, Bethesda, MD). HT168 and HT168M1 lines are derivatives of A2058 [31]. HT199 [31] was developed in the 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research (Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary). WM983B [32] and WM35 [32] were gifts from M. Herlyn (Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA). The colorectal carcinoma cell lines were HT25.No such obvious example in the literature as there are lots of contradictions even during the examination of the same tumour type. Some more recent studies have analyzed the role of CD44v isoforms rather than single exons in tumour progression [29,30], but not as a part of a complex, finely regulated pattern. A more holistic view of the alternative splice event is needed to examine the role of CD44 variants. This would be a huge practical challenge from tumour to tumour. We have sought to establish a reliable and reproducible method to examine this pattern and its possible tumour and/or progression specificity, since co-expression of exons proven by immunohistochanistry does not determine whether they are on the same molecule (and two or more CD44 may be present in the same cell at the same time) We have used a PCR based method using five primer pairs to create a simple representation of this highly complex CD44 expression pattern.glutamine, 0.1 mM non-essential amino acids, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, and 50 mg/ml gentamicin sulfate (all from Gibco BRL, Life Technologies, Paisley, Scotland). The melanocytes were maintained in Melanocyte Growth Medium M2 (PromoCell), the keratinocytes in Keratinocyte Media 2 (PromoCell) and the fibroblasts in Fibroblast Media (PromoCell).RT-PCR Analysis of CD44 mRNA ExpressionTotal RNA was isolated from the frozen homogenized tumour samples and cell cultures from the in vivo experiments using TRI ReagentTM (SigmaH) according to the manufacturer instructions. Possible DNA contamination was eliminated using TURBO DNA-freeTM kit (AmbionH). For reverse transcription 1 ml of 10 mM dNTP mix (Finnzymes, Espoo, Finland) and 1 ml of random primer-oligo dT were mixed for a final concentration of 2.5 mM and used with 2 mg of purified total RNA. After incubating at 70uC for 10 min, 1 ml of M-MLV reverse transcriptase (200 units/ml), 2 ml of 10x M-MLV RT Buffer (both from Sigma), 0.5 ml RNase Inhibitor (40 units/ml, Promega, Madison WI) and 6.5 ml DEPC treated water was added for 20 ml final volume and incubated at 37uC for 50 min and then at 85uC for 10 min. The occurrence of reverse transcription was checked by polymerase chain reaction with bactin primers (GTGGGGCGCCCCAGGCACCCA, CTCCTT AATGTCACGCACGATTTC) as a housekeeping gene. RNA of the same sample was used as negative control for detection of DNA contamination and DEPC treated water as non-template control.PCR Detection of CD44 Variable ExonsThe PCR reaction mixture contained12,5 15755315 ml AmpliTaq GoldH 360 Master Mix, 2.5?.5ml of the appropriate primer pair designed with Array Designer (Premier Biosoft International) (Figure S1). 2ml of the cDNA and 5.5 ml DEPC treated water for the final volume of 25 ml. The cycling conditions were: 97uC for 10 min once, then 95uC for 1 min, 55uC for 1 min, 72uC for 2 min for 35 cycles, 72uC for 10 min. The primer pairs were the following: S5′- variable exons3′, variable exons5′-S3′, PCR products were separated using ExperionTM Automated DNA 1K Kit1ml (Bio-RadH) Electrophoresis System.Materials and Methods Cell Lines and Culture ConditionsThe A2058 melanoma cell line was provided by LA Liotta (NCI, Bethesda, MD). HT168 and HT168M1 lines are derivatives of A2058 [31]. HT199 [31] was developed in the 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research (Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary). WM983B [32] and WM35 [32] were gifts from M. Herlyn (Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA). The colorectal carcinoma cell lines were HT25.