C| |/S | Fobs|, where Fobs and Fcalc are the observed and

C| |/S | Fobs|, where Fobs and Fcalc are the observed and calculated structure factor amplitudes, respectively. Rfree is Rwork calculated using 5 of the data, randomly omitted from refinement. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048364.tbFigure 1. Domain architecture of FimP. The FimP protein is comprised of a signal peptide (SP), an N-terminal domain, a middle 25033180 domain and a Cterminal domain followed by an LPXTG motif and a transmembrane domain (TD). Residues involved in isopeptide and disulfide bonds are illustrated with bars and stars, in red and green, respectively. A lysine and a threonine involved in pili polymerization are illustrated with a green and black diamond respectively. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048364.gFimP Structure and Sequence Analysesselenomethionine can indeed alter the interaction properties. In the FimP-3M structure 165 contacts are observed between the Nand M-domains, compared to 213 in the native structure as calculated with the program CONTACTS in the CCP4 suite [33]. The selenomethionine itself at position 347 has 20 contacts whereas the native isoleucine has 39. The other mutants, I121M and I347M, do not cause any changes. The N-domain comprises a b-sandwich of one three-stranded, mixed b-sheet (S1) and one four-stranded (S2) anti-parallel sheet. Two helices (HA and HB) pack against the S2 sheet. In addition, two short anti-parallel b-strands, b7-b8, connected by a long loop, are located perpendicular to the b-sandwich (Fig. 3a and 3d). The M-domain comprises a b-sandwich of two five-stranded anti-parallel sheets, S3 and S4. A helix (HC) is wedged in between the upper part of the sandwich. Below the S4 sheet two antiparallel strands, b26 and b27, are located. A 20-residue long loop that connects b18 with b19 packs against the S4 sheet. The buy Madrasin continuation of b19, b20 connects the M- and C-domains (Fig. 3b and 3d).The C-domain, like the N-domain, consists of a b-sandwich of one mixed, three-stranded and one four-stranded b-sheet, S5 and S6, respectively. A short helix (HD), is located at the top of the S5 sheet. A long segment connects strands b21 and b24 and contains a b-hairpin (b22/b23) packed against the S6 sheet, as well as a long loop that coordinates a Ca2+ ion (Fig. 3c and 3d).All Three FimP Domains are Stabilized with Covalent BondsThe presence of intramolecular isopeptide bonds in Grampositive surface proteins was first described for the S. pyogenes pilin Spy0128 [6] and these bonds are now considered a widespread feature among Gram-positive surface proteins. Intramolecular isopeptide bonds are used for increasing the stability of the surface exposed protein, both Fruquintinib chemical information regarding the sensitivity to proteases and mechanical force. Generally, a covalent amide bond is formed between the NZ atom of a lysine and the CG atom of an asparagine or an aspartic acid, assisted by the presence of a close acidic residue in an hydrophobic environment. Accordingly, isopeptide bonds are also found in FimP31?91. The M-domain is stabilized by a bond between Lys-190 and Asn319, linking two strands that run anti-parallel to each other (Fig. 4b). The strands originate from the S3 and S4 sheets respectively. The formation of the isopeptide bond is catalyzed by Asp-230 located in the S4 sheet. Asp-230 forms bidentate hydrogen bonds with the amide hydrogen and the carbonyl oxygen of the isopeptide bond. The linkage stacks with the aromatic Tyr-206 and is surrounded by additional hydrophobic residues (Ile-208, Leu-303, Ala-321, Leu-232 and Val-.C| |/S | Fobs|, where Fobs and Fcalc are the observed and calculated structure factor amplitudes, respectively. Rfree is Rwork calculated using 5 of the data, randomly omitted from refinement. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048364.tbFigure 1. Domain architecture of FimP. The FimP protein is comprised of a signal peptide (SP), an N-terminal domain, a middle 25033180 domain and a Cterminal domain followed by an LPXTG motif and a transmembrane domain (TD). Residues involved in isopeptide and disulfide bonds are illustrated with bars and stars, in red and green, respectively. A lysine and a threonine involved in pili polymerization are illustrated with a green and black diamond respectively. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048364.gFimP Structure and Sequence Analysesselenomethionine can indeed alter the interaction properties. In the FimP-3M structure 165 contacts are observed between the Nand M-domains, compared to 213 in the native structure as calculated with the program CONTACTS in the CCP4 suite [33]. The selenomethionine itself at position 347 has 20 contacts whereas the native isoleucine has 39. The other mutants, I121M and I347M, do not cause any changes. The N-domain comprises a b-sandwich of one three-stranded, mixed b-sheet (S1) and one four-stranded (S2) anti-parallel sheet. Two helices (HA and HB) pack against the S2 sheet. In addition, two short anti-parallel b-strands, b7-b8, connected by a long loop, are located perpendicular to the b-sandwich (Fig. 3a and 3d). The M-domain comprises a b-sandwich of two five-stranded anti-parallel sheets, S3 and S4. A helix (HC) is wedged in between the upper part of the sandwich. Below the S4 sheet two antiparallel strands, b26 and b27, are located. A 20-residue long loop that connects b18 with b19 packs against the S4 sheet. The continuation of b19, b20 connects the M- and C-domains (Fig. 3b and 3d).The C-domain, like the N-domain, consists of a b-sandwich of one mixed, three-stranded and one four-stranded b-sheet, S5 and S6, respectively. A short helix (HD), is located at the top of the S5 sheet. A long segment connects strands b21 and b24 and contains a b-hairpin (b22/b23) packed against the S6 sheet, as well as a long loop that coordinates a Ca2+ ion (Fig. 3c and 3d).All Three FimP Domains are Stabilized with Covalent BondsThe presence of intramolecular isopeptide bonds in Grampositive surface proteins was first described for the S. pyogenes pilin Spy0128 [6] and these bonds are now considered a widespread feature among Gram-positive surface proteins. Intramolecular isopeptide bonds are used for increasing the stability of the surface exposed protein, both regarding the sensitivity to proteases and mechanical force. Generally, a covalent amide bond is formed between the NZ atom of a lysine and the CG atom of an asparagine or an aspartic acid, assisted by the presence of a close acidic residue in an hydrophobic environment. Accordingly, isopeptide bonds are also found in FimP31?91. The M-domain is stabilized by a bond between Lys-190 and Asn319, linking two strands that run anti-parallel to each other (Fig. 4b). The strands originate from the S3 and S4 sheets respectively. The formation of the isopeptide bond is catalyzed by Asp-230 located in the S4 sheet. Asp-230 forms bidentate hydrogen bonds with the amide hydrogen and the carbonyl oxygen of the isopeptide bond. The linkage stacks with the aromatic Tyr-206 and is surrounded by additional hydrophobic residues (Ile-208, Leu-303, Ala-321, Leu-232 and Val-.