Nic acid (DGLA, C20:3n-6) [1,3]. On the contrary, some findings

Nic acid (DGLA, C20:3n-6) [1,3]. On the contrary, some findings 15900046 suggested that sufficient amounts of LA can reduce cardiovascular risk [3,4]. Dietary eicosapentae-noic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) can prevent sudden cardiac death, acute coronary syndrome, and heart ITI-007 failure [5]. The concentration of plasma fatty acids is buy 80-49-9 influenced by dietary intake and metabolic pathways [4]. Fatty acid desaturases (FADS) are key enzymes in fatty acid metabolism. In humans, there are three main desaturases: stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), also known as delta-9-desaturase (D9D), catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids; delta-5-desaturase (D5D) catalyzes the synthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) and delta6-desaturase (D6D) is required in the synthesis of HUFAs. D9D, encoded by the SCD gene, has recently been found as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease [6]. D5D and D6D are encoded by fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) and fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) genes, respectively. Recently, several studies have shown a strong association between plasma PUFAs and FADS gene polymorphisms [7,8]. Plasma arachidonic acidFADS Gene, Desaturase Activity and CAD(AA, C20:4n-6) and EPA concentrations have been confirmed to be associated with rs174537 near FADS1 gene by a GWAS [9]. Merino DM et al. recently reported that polymorphisms of rs174547 in FADS1 gene and rs498793 in FADS2 gene alter desaturase activity in young Caucasian and Asian adults [10]. The minor allele of rs174537, rs174545, rs174546, rs174553, rs174556, rs174561, rs174568, rs99780, rs174570, rs174575, rs2524299, rs174583, rs498793, rs174611, rs174627 and rs1000778 in FADS gene was consistently associated with decreased n-6 PUFAs, with the exception of DGLA [11]. However, research on association between FADS genes polymorphisms and fatty acid concentrations in the Chinese population is still rare. High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis is a relatively new and rapid method to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). It monitors the PCR process by saturated fluorescent dye-LC Green. Different bases cause change in annealing temperature and leading to the formation of different melting curves in the heating process [12]. Thus different SNP loci, heterozygous and homozygous can be effectively distinguished. Therefore, this study aims to explore the desaturase activities and the correlation of FADS gene SNPs with plasma fatty acids in CAD patients in a Chinese Han population.stearic acid (C18:0) for D9D-18. All of the coefficients of variance were less than 5 .Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and genotypingFive SNPs showing the greatest variability in the FADS gene region were selected from the HapMap database with the criteria used in our SNP selection procedure [a minor allele frequency over 0.1 and tag SNPs with an r2 value above 0.8]. Rs174537 was from block 1, rs174550 was from block 2, and rs174460 was from block 3. Rs174611 and rs174616 were between blocks 1 and 2. Table 1 presents a description of the SNPs used. Genomic DNA was extracted from 200 ml whole blood using sodium iodide extraction technique. SNPs were genotyped by high-resolution melting of small amplicons on LightScanner 32 instrument (Idaho Technology, USA). Primer details and product lengths are shown in Table S1.Statistical methodsStatistical analyses were performed with SPSS 13.0 for Windows. Normally distributed data were shown as the mean6S.D. Skewed data w.Nic acid (DGLA, C20:3n-6) [1,3]. On the contrary, some findings 15900046 suggested that sufficient amounts of LA can reduce cardiovascular risk [3,4]. Dietary eicosapentae-noic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) can prevent sudden cardiac death, acute coronary syndrome, and heart failure [5]. The concentration of plasma fatty acids is influenced by dietary intake and metabolic pathways [4]. Fatty acid desaturases (FADS) are key enzymes in fatty acid metabolism. In humans, there are three main desaturases: stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), also known as delta-9-desaturase (D9D), catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids; delta-5-desaturase (D5D) catalyzes the synthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) and delta6-desaturase (D6D) is required in the synthesis of HUFAs. D9D, encoded by the SCD gene, has recently been found as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease [6]. D5D and D6D are encoded by fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) and fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) genes, respectively. Recently, several studies have shown a strong association between plasma PUFAs and FADS gene polymorphisms [7,8]. Plasma arachidonic acidFADS Gene, Desaturase Activity and CAD(AA, C20:4n-6) and EPA concentrations have been confirmed to be associated with rs174537 near FADS1 gene by a GWAS [9]. Merino DM et al. recently reported that polymorphisms of rs174547 in FADS1 gene and rs498793 in FADS2 gene alter desaturase activity in young Caucasian and Asian adults [10]. The minor allele of rs174537, rs174545, rs174546, rs174553, rs174556, rs174561, rs174568, rs99780, rs174570, rs174575, rs2524299, rs174583, rs498793, rs174611, rs174627 and rs1000778 in FADS gene was consistently associated with decreased n-6 PUFAs, with the exception of DGLA [11]. However, research on association between FADS genes polymorphisms and fatty acid concentrations in the Chinese population is still rare. High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis is a relatively new and rapid method to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). It monitors the PCR process by saturated fluorescent dye-LC Green. Different bases cause change in annealing temperature and leading to the formation of different melting curves in the heating process [12]. Thus different SNP loci, heterozygous and homozygous can be effectively distinguished. Therefore, this study aims to explore the desaturase activities and the correlation of FADS gene SNPs with plasma fatty acids in CAD patients in a Chinese Han population.stearic acid (C18:0) for D9D-18. All of the coefficients of variance were less than 5 .Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and genotypingFive SNPs showing the greatest variability in the FADS gene region were selected from the HapMap database with the criteria used in our SNP selection procedure [a minor allele frequency over 0.1 and tag SNPs with an r2 value above 0.8]. Rs174537 was from block 1, rs174550 was from block 2, and rs174460 was from block 3. Rs174611 and rs174616 were between blocks 1 and 2. Table 1 presents a description of the SNPs used. Genomic DNA was extracted from 200 ml whole blood using sodium iodide extraction technique. SNPs were genotyped by high-resolution melting of small amplicons on LightScanner 32 instrument (Idaho Technology, USA). Primer details and product lengths are shown in Table S1.Statistical methodsStatistical analyses were performed with SPSS 13.0 for Windows. Normally distributed data were shown as the mean6S.D. Skewed data w.