Ent results suggest that body expression recognition in young adults is not influenced by the amount of contact they have with people of their own age or with other age-groups. One factor which complicates direct comparisons between evidence from the facial expression literature and the results of the current study is that recognition of the ages of the actors is less obvious for PLDs than for faces (F ster, Hess Werheid, 2014). Knowledge of the actor’s age is likely to be beneficial for identification of certain body expressions. For instance, knowing that the observed actor may have reduced movement velocity due to old age could be beneficial when deciding on more ambiguous expressions of `active’ emotions, such as anger (Dael, Mortillaro Scherer, 2012). In addition, own-age biasesPollux et al. (2016), PeerJ, DOI 10.7717/peerj.13/have been linked to participants’ awareness of the actors’ ages (He, Ebner Johnson, 2011). To investigate whether being aware of the age of the actor in the stimulus influences performance, Experiment 2 replicated the paradigm of Experiment 1 in young adults and children (the two age groups from which recruitment was most straightforward), but now participants were HMPL-013 dose informed about the actor’s age before presentation of the stimulus.EXPERIMENTExperiment 2 aims to investigate whether knowing the age of the actors in PLDs influences how body expressions of emotions are perceived by young adults and children.MethodsParticipants Thirty-six young adults (17 men, age = 20.6 ?1.16, 18 women, age = 21.1 ?1.52) and 97 children (40 boys and 50 girls) participated in this study (7.42 ?0.13). Young adults were recruited via the Subject Pool of the School of Psychology at the University of Lincoln and children were recruited and tested during a `Summer Science’ week organised by the School of Psychology (one year from data collection for Experiment 1). Procedure The procedures for the purchase Litronesib testing sessions of young adults and children were identical to those used in Experiment 1 with the following minor changes: Each clip was preceded by a sentence indicating the age-group (e.g., “The next clip shows an older adult”), confidence ratings for young adults were not recorded, and the measure for contact was changed from the number of hours per month to eight response categories (adapted from Ebner Johnson, 2009): less than once per year, once per year, 2/3 times per year, once per month, 2/3 times per month, once per week, 2/3 times per week, more than 3 times per week. The reason for this latter change was that anecdotal reports of participants in Experiment 1 had indicated that that guessing the number of contact hours per month can be difficult.ResultsBody expression recognition accuracy Figure 3 provides an overview of the main results of Experiment 2. These results suggest that performance by the younger adults exceeded that of the children and that the highest performance can be found for young actors. To examine the statistical significance of these observations and to incorporate other factors, such the perceived emotion and the gender of the viewer, the same two models as in Experiment 1 were fitted to the data, as shown in Table 2. Model 1: Table 2 shows that for experiment 2, in contrast to Experiment 1, the interaction effect between Age-Viewer and Age-Actor was no longer significant for the two models considered. Inclusion of the random slopes did not significantly increase the fit of Model 1(Chi-square (df =.Ent results suggest that body expression recognition in young adults is not influenced by the amount of contact they have with people of their own age or with other age-groups. One factor which complicates direct comparisons between evidence from the facial expression literature and the results of the current study is that recognition of the ages of the actors is less obvious for PLDs than for faces (F ster, Hess Werheid, 2014). Knowledge of the actor’s age is likely to be beneficial for identification of certain body expressions. For instance, knowing that the observed actor may have reduced movement velocity due to old age could be beneficial when deciding on more ambiguous expressions of `active’ emotions, such as anger (Dael, Mortillaro Scherer, 2012). In addition, own-age biasesPollux et al. (2016), PeerJ, DOI 10.7717/peerj.13/have been linked to participants’ awareness of the actors’ ages (He, Ebner Johnson, 2011). To investigate whether being aware of the age of the actor in the stimulus influences performance, Experiment 2 replicated the paradigm of Experiment 1 in young adults and children (the two age groups from which recruitment was most straightforward), but now participants were informed about the actor’s age before presentation of the stimulus.EXPERIMENTExperiment 2 aims to investigate whether knowing the age of the actors in PLDs influences how body expressions of emotions are perceived by young adults and children.MethodsParticipants Thirty-six young adults (17 men, age = 20.6 ?1.16, 18 women, age = 21.1 ?1.52) and 97 children (40 boys and 50 girls) participated in this study (7.42 ?0.13). Young adults were recruited via the Subject Pool of the School of Psychology at the University of Lincoln and children were recruited and tested during a `Summer Science’ week organised by the School of Psychology (one year from data collection for Experiment 1). Procedure The procedures for the testing sessions of young adults and children were identical to those used in Experiment 1 with the following minor changes: Each clip was preceded by a sentence indicating the age-group (e.g., “The next clip shows an older adult”), confidence ratings for young adults were not recorded, and the measure for contact was changed from the number of hours per month to eight response categories (adapted from Ebner Johnson, 2009): less than once per year, once per year, 2/3 times per year, once per month, 2/3 times per month, once per week, 2/3 times per week, more than 3 times per week. The reason for this latter change was that anecdotal reports of participants in Experiment 1 had indicated that that guessing the number of contact hours per month can be difficult.ResultsBody expression recognition accuracy Figure 3 provides an overview of the main results of Experiment 2. These results suggest that performance by the younger adults exceeded that of the children and that the highest performance can be found for young actors. To examine the statistical significance of these observations and to incorporate other factors, such the perceived emotion and the gender of the viewer, the same two models as in Experiment 1 were fitted to the data, as shown in Table 2. Model 1: Table 2 shows that for experiment 2, in contrast to Experiment 1, the interaction effect between Age-Viewer and Age-Actor was no longer significant for the two models considered. Inclusion of the random slopes did not significantly increase the fit of Model 1(Chi-square (df =.
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