Earch 15: 113124. doi: ten.1016/ 0166354290029Q. 22. Judd DA, Schinazi RF, Hill CL Partnership on the molecular size and charge density of polyoxometalates to their anti-gp 120-CD4-binding activity. Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy 5: 410414. Available: http://cat.inist.fr/ aModele = afficheN&cpsidt = 3339230 23. Kim GS, Judd DA, Hill CL, Schinazi RF Synthesis, Characterization, and biological activity of a new potent class of anti-HIV agents, the peroxoniobium-substituted heteropolytungstates. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 37: 816820. doi: 10.1021/jm00032a016. 24. Zhang H, Qi Y, Ding Y, Wang J, Li Q, et al. Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of a niobium-substituted-heteropolytungstate on hepatitis B virus. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 22: 16641669. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.12.115. 25. Ni L, Boudinot FD Non-linear renal and biliary clearances of antiviral polyoxometalates in rats. European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics 20: order TBHQ 209217. doi: 10.1007/BF03189672. 26. Boudinot FD, Jusko WJ Fluid shifts and other factors affecting plasma protein binding of prednisolone by equilibrium dialysis. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 73: 774780. doi: ten.1002/jps.2600730617. 27. Qi Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Jiang Y, Li J, et al. In vitro anti-hepatitis B and SARS virus activities of a titanium-substituted-heteropolytungstate. Antiviral Research 93: 118125. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.11.003. 28. Yuan Y, Li J, Wang J, Zhang S, Ju W, et al. Evaluation of toxicological security of new polyoxometalates NCW-6. Journal of Jilin University 38: 2832. Available: 
http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/ CJFDTOTAL-BQEB201201011.htm. 9 ~~ ~~ According to reports of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the average annual RE 640 concentration of CO2 within the atmosphere was 393.84 mmolmol21 in 2012. This concentration is increasing every year and by 2050 it is projected to surpass 550 mmolmol21 and reach 700 mmolmol21 by the end of 2100. Understanding how plants will respond to future elevated CO2 concentrations will help us comprehend how they are currently responding and how they may have adapted to the increase. Although the impact of elevated CO2 on plant growth, physiology and metabolism has been extensively studied, the underlying molecular mechanisms of these changes are less understood. Some research has been done on these molecular mechanisms, but it is not yet very clear how gene expression varies in response to increased CO2 concentrations. In order to understand the molecular basis on the CO2 response, genomic and genetic tools such as microarray 
have been used in recent years. Among the plants studied, Populus is recognized as a model tree genus, as it has many advantageous characteristics for genomic and genetic studies. Therefore, within the present study, Populus was used for further analysis. However, limited information is available at the transcriptome level in Populus under elevated CO2, and such information may allow us to understand plant adaptation and evolution as CO2 rises. Recent studies using cDNA microarrays and transcriptome analysis revealed gene expression changes during senescence caused by elevated CO2 in P.6 euramericana. Gene expression in leaves is sensitive to the elevated CO2, depending on the developmental leaf age in P.6 euramericana. Comparing the leaf transcription profiles, different genotypes of P. tremuloides show significant Identification of Key Genes under Elevated CO2 variation.Earch 15: 113124. doi: 10.1016/ 0166354290029Q. 22. Judd DA, Schinazi RF, Hill CL Partnership in the molecular size and charge density of polyoxometalates to their anti-gp 120-CD4-binding activity. Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy 5: 410414. Available: http://cat.inist.fr/ aModele = afficheN&cpsidt = 3339230 23. Kim GS, Judd DA, Hill CL, Schinazi RF Synthesis, Characterization, and biological activity of a new potent class of anti-HIV agents, the peroxoniobium-substituted heteropolytungstates. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 37: 816820. doi: ten.1021/jm00032a016. 24. Zhang H, Qi Y, Ding Y, Wang J, Li Q, et al. Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of a niobium-substituted-heteropolytungstate on hepatitis B virus. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 22: 16641669. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.12.115. 25. Ni L, Boudinot FD Non-linear renal and biliary clearances of antiviral polyoxometalates in rats. European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics 20: 209217. doi: ten.1007/BF03189672. 26. Boudinot FD, Jusko WJ Fluid shifts and other factors affecting plasma protein binding of prednisolone by equilibrium dialysis. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 73: 774780. doi: ten.1002/jps.2600730617. 27. Qi Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Jiang Y, Li J, et al. In vitro anti-hepatitis B and SARS virus activities of a titanium-substituted-heteropolytungstate. Antiviral Research 93: 118125. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.11.003. 28. Yuan Y, Li J, Wang J, Zhang S, Ju W, et al. Evaluation of toxicological security of new polyoxometalates NCW-6. Journal of Jilin University 38: 2832. Available: http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/ CJFDTOTAL-BQEB201201011.htm. 9 ~~ ~~ According to reports from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the average annual concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere was 393.84 mmolmol21 in 2012. This concentration is increasing every year and by 2050 it is projected to surpass 550 mmolmol21 and reach 700 mmolmol21 by the end of 2100. Understanding how plants will respond to future elevated CO2 concentrations will help us comprehend how they are currently responding and how they may have adapted to the increase. Although the impact of elevated CO2 on plant growth, physiology and metabolism has been extensively studied, the underlying molecular mechanisms of these changes are less understood. Some research has been done on these molecular mechanisms, but it is not yet very clear how gene expression varies in response to increased CO2 concentrations. In order to understand the molecular basis with the CO2 response, genomic and genetic tools such as microarray have been used in recent years. Among the plants studied, Populus is recognized as a model tree genus, as it has many advantageous characteristics for genomic and genetic studies. Therefore, within the present study, Populus was used for further analysis. However, limited information is available at the transcriptome level in Populus under elevated CO2, and such information may allow us to understand plant adaptation and evolution as CO2 rises. Recent studies using cDNA microarrays and transcriptome analysis revealed gene expression changes during senescence caused by elevated CO2 in P.6 euramericana. Gene expression in leaves is sensitive to the elevated CO2, depending around the developmental leaf age in P.6 euramericana. Comparing the leaf transcription profiles, different genotypes of P. tremuloides show significant Identification of Key Genes under Elevated CO2 variation.
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